Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development (Erikson's eight stages of development)
Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development where each stage involves a clash between opposing forces: a harmonious element (syntonic) and a disruptive element (dystonic). This conflict results in the development of ego qualities or strengths, which he described as basic strength. Insufficient development of these strengths at any stage can lead to core pathology specific to that stage. Erikson emphasized that earlier life experiences do not solely determine later personality development.
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Atkinson and Shiffrin Information Processing Model of Memory (Modal model, Three store Model, Traditional Model, Stage Model)
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a psychological model proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin as a proposal for the structure of memory. It proposed that human memory involves a sequence of three stages: sensory memory, working or short term memory, and long term memory.